Resumen. En México, los jóvenes siguen presentando problemas debido a la falta de uso correcto y consistente del preservativo durante las relaciones sexuales. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de un ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado con el uso de teléfonos inteligentes para aumentar las intenciones de sexo seguro y la conducta sexual segura. Métodos: diseño experimental con dos grupos de tratamiento con 177 jóvenes que solicitaron la prueba rápida de VIH en una Organización no Gubernamental en la ciudad de Monterrey, México. Al grupo experimental se le brindó Respeto M-Salud para el uso de dispositivos móviles; al grupo control se le entregó una herramienta similar, pero sin el uso de tecnología móvil, y se utilizaron 8 instrumentos de lápiz y papel. Resultados: el efecto del grupo experimental fue mayor en la conducta sexual segura reflejado en las medias del pre-test M=64.80 (SD=1.86), post-test M=85.33 (SD=1.54) y a los 30 días M=87.40 (SD=1.52); y en el factor de intenciones de sexo seguro, se reflejó de esta manera en el pre-test M=78.50 (SD=3.07), post-test M=94.70 (SD=2.46) y a los 30 días M=95.74 (SD=2.29). Conclusiones: El uso de teléfonos inteligentes fue una herramienta eficaz como apoyo para aumentar la conducta sexual segura en los jóvenes.

Abstract. In Mexico, young people continue to experience problems due to a lack of correct and consistent condom use during sexual intercourse. Objective: to evaluate the effect of a randomized controlled clinical trial with the use of smartphones to increase safe sex intentions and safe sexual behavior. Methods: experimental design with two treatment groups with 177 young people who requested the rapid HIV test in a non-governmental organization in the city of Monterrey, Mexico. The experimental group was given Respect M-Health with the use of mobile devices; the control group was given similar counseling without the use of mobile technology and 8 pencil and paper instruments were used. Results: the effect of the experimental group was greater in safe sexual behavior reflected in the means at pre-test M=64.80 (SD=1.86), post-test M=85.33 (SD=1.54), and at 30 days M=87.40 (SD=1.52), and in the safe sex intentions factor at pre-test M=78.50 (SD=3.07), post-test M=94.70 (SD=2.46), and at 30 days M=95.74 (SD=2.29). Conclusions: Smartphone use was an effective tool as a support to increase safe sexual behavior in youth.

Abstract A scoping literature review to identify the multilevel HIV serosorting related elements was developed. Articles from EBSCO, PubMed, PsyNET and Science Direct with serosort* or serosorting at the tittle or abstract, written in English or Spanish were included. No restriction in type of population or design were applied. 239 records were retrieved after duplicates removed, but 181 references were extracted for full-text review. Individual level: HIV knowledge, serostatus, risk perceptions, abilities to disclose and for condom use negotiation, motivations, use of drugs, stigma, attitudes toward condom use, and perceptions/beliefs about the HIV and related treatments, HIV infection rates/testing and behavioral factors. Interpersonal level: social networks, abilities (sexual behavior negotiation, and communication). Community level: stigma, social norms, access to HIV related services. Structural level: political context, HIV related funding and public policies. HIV Serosorting is not solely an interpersonal behavior it involves multilevel elements that must be acknowledged by professionals and stakeholders.

Resumen Se desarrolló una revisión de alcance de la literatura para identificar elementos multinivel relacionados a la seroclasificación de VIH. Se incluyeron artículos de EBSCO, PubMed y Science Direct con serosort* o serosorting en título o resumen, escritos en Inglés o Español. No se aplicaron restricciones por tipo de población y diseño. Después de remover duplicados, se recuperaron 239 records, solo 181 referencias se extrajeron para revisión a texto completo. Nivel individual: Conocimiento del VIH, seroestado, percepciones de riesgo, habilidades para develar el seroestado y negociar el condón, motivaciones, uso de drogas, estigma, actitudes sobre uso del condón, y percepciones/ creencias acerca del VIH y tratamientos, tasas de infección y tamizaje de VIH, factores conductuales. Nivel interpersonal: redes sociales, habilidades (negociación de la conducta sexual, y comunicación). Nivel comunitario: Estigma, normas sociales, acceso a servicios de VIH. Nivel estructural: contexto político, políticas públicas y financiamiento relacionado al VIH. La seroclasificación de VIH no es solamente una conducta interpersonal, incluye elementos multinivel que deben ser reconocidos por los profesionales de salud y tomadores de decisiones.

Abstract A scoping literature review to identify the multilevel HIV serosorting related elements was developed. Articles from EBSCO, PubMed, PsyNET and Science Direct with serosort* or serosorting at the tittle or abstract, written in English or Spanish were included. No restriction in type of population or design were applied. 239 records were retrieved after duplicates removed, but 181 references were extracted for full-text review. Individual level: HIV knowledge, serostatus, risk perceptions, abilities to disclose and for condom use negotiation, motivations, use of drugs, stigma, attitudes toward condom use, and perceptions/beliefs about the HIV and related treatments, HIV infection rates/testing and behavioral factors. Interpersonal level: social networks, abilities (sexual behavior negotiation, and communication). Community level: stigma, social norms, access to HIV related services. Structural level: political context, HIV related funding and public policies. HIV Serosorting is not solely an interpersonal behavior it involves multilevel elements that must be acknowledged by professionals and stakeholders.

Resumen Se desarrolló una revisión de alcance de la literatura para identificar elementos multinivel relacionados a la seroclasificación de VIH. Se incluyeron artículos de EBSCO, PubMed y Science Direct con serosort* o serosorting en título o resumen, escritos en Inglés o Español. No se aplicaron restricciones por tipo de población y diseño. Después de remover duplicados, se recuperaron 239 records, solo 181 referencias se extrajeron para revisión a texto completo. Nivel individual: Conocimiento del VIH, seroestado, percepciones de riesgo, habilidades para develar el seroestado y negociar el condón, motivaciones, uso de drogas, estigma, actitudes sobre uso del condón, y percepciones/ creencias acerca del VIH y tratamientos, tasas de infección y tamizaje de VIH, factores conductuales. Nivel interpersonal: redes sociales, habilidades (negociación de la conducta sexual, y comunicación). Nivel comunitario: Estigma, normas sociales, acceso a servicios de VIH. Nivel estructural: contexto político, políticas públicas y financiamiento relacionado al VIH. La seroclasificación de VIH no es solamente una conducta interpersonal, incluye elementos multinivel que deben ser reconocidos por los profesionales de salud y tomadores de decisiones.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o risco de infecção por HIV em homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH) a partir do desenvolvimento de um índice que considere as redes de parceiros sexuais. As variáveis do índice foram faixa etária, raça/cor, escolaridade, tipo de relacionamento, uso de preservativo em relações receptivas e insertivas, autopercepção da chance de se infectar pelo HIV, história de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, além dos resultados dos testes rápidos para HIV. Foram utilizados dados de uma pesquisa de rede egocêntricas HSH, com desenho transversal, realizada no Rio de Janeiro entre 2014 e 2015. O voluntário inicial da pesquisa é denominado ego, cada parceiro é alter, e cada par de pessoas em um relacionamento é a díade. Utilizou-se regressão logística múltipla para definição dos coeficientes das equações para elaboração dos índices. O índice variou de 0 a 1, quanto mais próximo de 1, maior o risco de infecção por HIV. A prevalência de HIV dos egos foi de 13,9%. A média do índice dos egos com teste HIV reagente foi 57% maior do que aqueles não reagentes, o mesmo perfil foi observado nos valores dos índices das díades. O índice permitiu incorporar os dados das redes por meio das díades e contribuiu para a identificação de indivíduos com maior chance de aquisição do HIV.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the risk of HIV infection in men who have sex with men (MSM) by developing an index that considers sex partner networks. The index variables were age, ethnicity/skin color, schooling, relationship type, condom use in receptive and insertive relationships, self-perception of the possibility of HIV infection, sexually transmitted infections, and rapid HIV testing results. We used data from a cross-sectional MSM egocentric network survey conducted in Rio de Janeiro between 2014 and 2015. The initial research volunteer is called ego, each partner is called alter, and each pair of people in a relationship is called the dyad. Multiple logistic regression was used to define the coefficients of the equations for the elaboration of the indices. The index ranged from 0 to 1; the closer to 1, the higher the risk of HIV infection. HIV prevalence was 13.9% among egos. The mean egos index with an HIV-reactive test was 57% higher than non-reactive, and the same profile was observed in the index values of dyads. The index allowed the incorporation of network data through the dyads and contributed to the identification of individuals with a higher likelihood of acquiring HIV.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o risco de infecção por HIV em homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH) a partir do desenvolvimento de um índice que considere as redes de parceiros sexuais. As variáveis do índice foram faixa etária, raça/cor, escolaridade, tipo de relacionamento, uso de preservativo em relações receptivas e insertivas, autopercepção da chance de se infectar pelo HIV, história de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, além dos resultados dos testes rápidos para HIV. Foram utilizados dados de uma pesquisa de rede egocêntricas HSH, com desenho transversal, realizada no Rio de Janeiro entre 2014 e 2015. O voluntário inicial da pesquisa é denominado ego, cada parceiro é alter, e cada par de pessoas em um relacionamento é a díade. Utilizou-se regressão logística múltipla para definição dos coeficientes das equações para elaboração dos índices. O índice variou de 0 a 1, quanto mais próximo de 1, maior o risco de infecção por HIV. A prevalência de HIV dos egos foi de 13,9%. A média do índice dos egos com teste HIV reagente foi 57% maior do que aqueles não reagentes, o mesmo perfil foi observado nos valores dos índices das díades. O índice permitiu incorporar os dados das redes por meio das díades e contribuiu para a identificação de indivíduos com maior chance de aquisição do HIV.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the risk of HIV infection in men who have sex with men (MSM) by developing an index that considers sex partner networks. The index variables were age, ethnicity/skin color, schooling, relationship type, condom use in receptive and insertive relationships, self-perception of the possibility of HIV infection, sexually transmitted infections, and rapid HIV testing results. We used data from a cross-sectional MSM egocentric network survey conducted in Rio de Janeiro between 2014 and 2015. The initial research volunteer is called ego, each partner is called alter, and each pair of people in a relationship is called the dyad. Multiple logistic regression was used to define the coefficients of the equations for the elaboration of the indices. The index ranged from 0 to 1; the closer to 1, the higher the risk of HIV infection. HIV prevalence was 13.9% among egos. The mean egos index with an HIV-reactive test was 57% higher than non-reactive, and the same profile was observed in the index values of dyads. The index allowed the incorporation of network data through the dyads and contributed to the identification of individuals with a higher likelihood of acquiring HIV.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Systemic vasculitis belongs to a group of rare, serious multisystemic diseases, that without treatment can be life-threatening. Objective: To study and to determine the clinical characteristics and mortality of patients with systemic vasculitis admitted in the period 2000-2020, in two public hospitals in Paraguay. Material and Method: a retrospective, descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study with an analytical component of 41 adult patients with a diagnosis of systemic vasculitis. The diagnosis was made by clinical, laboratory, imaging and histological findings. Risk factors for mortality were established by the chi-square test, considering a p value less than p <0.05 to be significant. Results : 41 patients were studied, 24 women (58.54%) and 17 men (41.46%), vasculitis associated with ANCA 31 (77.5%), 17 with granulomatosis with polyangiitis and 14 patients with microscopic polyangiitis. Polyarteritis nodosa 5 (12.5%), cryoglobulinemia 2 (5%), anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease 2 (5%), Takayasu arteritis 3 (7.32%), progression to chronic kidney disease 5 (12.50 %)). Mortality 16 (39%). The factors related to mortality were: alveolar hemorrhage, acute kidney injury, rapidly progressive nephritis, bilateral cottony infiltrate (p = ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The most frequent vasculitis was associated with ANCA, followed by parteritis nodosa. We found a high mortality rate, mainly secondary to lung and kidney involvement.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las vasculitis sistémicas pertenecen a un grupo de enfermedades multisistémicas graves, raras, que sin tratamiento pueden poner en peligro la vida. Objetivos: determinar las características clínicas y mortalidad de pacientes con vasculitis sistémica, internados en el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2000 y agosto de 2020, en dos hospitales públicos de Paraguay. Material y Método: estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte transverso, con componente analítico, de 41 pacientes adultos, con el diagnóstico de vasculitis sistémica, internados en dos hospitales públicos de Paraguay. El diagnóstico se realizó por la clínica, laboratorio, imagen y hallazgos histológicos. Se establecieron los factores de riesgo para la mortalidad por la prueba de chi cuadrado, considerándose significativo un valor p menor de p<0,05. Resultados: Fueron estudiados 41 pacientes, 24 mujeres (58,54%) y 17 varones (41,46%), encontrando vasculitis asociadas a ANCA en 31 casos (77,5%), 17 con granulomatosis con poliangeitis y 14 pacientes con poliarteritis microscópica. Poliarteris nodosa 5 (12,5%), crioglubulinemia 2 (5%), enfermedad por anticuerpo anti membrana basal glomerular 2 (5%), arteritis de Takayasu 3 (7,32). Se encontró una mortalidad del 39%. Los factores relacionados con la mortalidad fueron: hemorragia alveolar, injuria renal aguda, nefritis rápidamente progresiva, infiltrado algodonoso bilateral (p=≤ 0,05). Conclusión: La vasculitis más frecuente fue la asociada al ANCA, seguida por la parteritis nodosa. Encontramos una tasa elevada de mortalidad, secundaria sobre todo a afectación pulmonar y renal.

Abstract Introduction: Adolescents are a vulnerable group to acquire sexually transmitted infections and to experience a pregnancy. This can be prevented through theory-based interventions on male condom use self-efficacy. The goal of the present study is the adaptation, acceptability evaluation and pilot testing of an intervention, to increase perceived male condom use self-efficacy among Mexican adolescents. Method: A three-stage intervention adaptation model (evaluation, preparation and implementation) compounded of five steps (completed up to the four step) was used: 1) reviewing the literature to identify theory-based interventions for increasing condom use perceived self-efficacy, and authors contact; 2) two interventions were selected for the adaptation process; 3) preparation of the interventions content to be applicable to Mexican adolescents (language, activities and information modification); the intervention “Usando Condón” was piloted in a sample of 56 adolescents belonging to a public high school in Puebla. Intervention acceptability was qualitatively assessed and analyzed through thematic analysis. The outcome variable (self-efficacy) was measured through a specific Mexican adolescent’s scale. Self-efficacy levels were compared after the intervention (test and re-test). Results: The adapted intervention used the core components of the interventions that served as basis for the adaptation process (HIV/AIDS, condom use [beliefs, negotiation, access, benefits, consequences of using it, modeling] and gender roles). Cognitive mapping, story examples and condom use modeling through anatomical penis models were used. Information was updated and information on emergency contraception was added. Scenarios and doses of the primary interventions were modified, resulting in “Usando Condón” a 2-sessions intervention of 90 minutes each for Mexican adolescents, implemented by nurses. The intervention assistance was 100%. The intervention was qualitatively acceptable by the participants, suggesting minor modifications regrading to the technological support tools, content, and activities. Student's t test showed significant changes between measurements before and after the intervention exposition (p <.05). Discussion or Conclusion: “Usando Condón” can be implemented by previously trained health professionals and in similar contexts, considering that it needs constant evaluation and adaptation according to the population’s characteristics. Additionally, preliminary results suggest that the intervention increases the male condom use perceived self-efficacy levels among Mexican adolescents.

Resumen Introducción: Los adolescentes son un grupo vulnerable ante las posibilidades de adquirir infecciones de transmisión sexual y a experimentar un embarazo. Lo anterior puede prevenirse mediante intervenciones, basadas en teoría, sobre la autoeficacia del uso del condón masculino. Este estudio tiene como objetivo la adaptación, evaluación de la aceptabilidad y el pilotaje de una intervención para incrementar la autoeficacia percibida del uso del condón masculino en adolescentes mexicanos. Método: Se utilizó un modelo de adaptación de intervenciones de tres etapas (evaluación, preparación e implementación) y cinco pasos, de los cuales se completó hasta al pilotaje: 1) revisión de la literatura para identificar intervenciones basadas en teoría, cuyo objetivo fuera incrementar la autoeficacia para el uso del condón; y contacto con los autores; 2) se seleccionaron dos intervenciones para el proceso de adaptación; 3) preparación del contenido de las intervenciones, para ser aplicable a adolescentes mexicanos (modificaciones de lenguaje, actividades e información); se piloteo la intervención “Usando Condón” en una muestra de 56 adolescentes pertenecientes a una preparatoria pública de Puebla, México. La aceptabilidad de la intervención se evaluó cualitativamente y se analizó mediante análisis temático. La variable resultado (autoeficacia) se evaluó mediante un instrumento específico para adolescentes mexicanos, mediante comparaciones de prueba y post-prueba. Resultados: La intervención adaptada utilizó los componentes centrales de las intervenciones que sirvieron de base (VIH/sida; uso del condón [creencias, negociación, acceso, beneficios, consecuencia son usarlo, modelaje]; y roles de género). Se utilizaron mapas, ejemplos de historias y el modelaje del uso del condón mediante modelos anatómicos de pene. Se actualizó la información y se incluyó información sobre la anticoncepción de emergencia. Los escenarios y dosis de las intervenciones base se modificaron, así, para “Usando Condón”, se realizó una intervención de 2 sesiones de 90 minutos cada una para adolescentes mexicanos, implementada por enfermeras. La asistencia a la intervención fue del 100 %. La intervención fue aceptable para los participantes, quienes también sugirieron modificaciones menores a las herramientas tecnológicas de apoyo, contenido y actividades. La prueba t de Student mostró cambios significativos entre las mediciones antes y después a la exposición de la intervención (p < .05). Discusión o Conclusión: “Usando Condón” puede ser implementada por profesionales de la salud previamente capacitados y en contextos similares, considerando que necesita de constante evaluación y adaptación a las características de la población. Además, los resultados preliminares sugieren que la intervención logra incrementar los niveles de autoeficacia percibida para el uso del condón masculino en adolescentes mexicanos.

Abstract The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect size of glutamine supplementation on the productive performance of broiler chickens, the consistency of their effect and the influence of other factors through the use of meta-analysis. It was found that glutamine supplementation favors the use of nutrients reflected in lower values of feed conversion (calculated with weight gain) 1,484 versus 1,518, and an average effect size of -0,031 (difference of means) (p = 0,00005). Control chickens require an additional 31 g of feed to produce 1 kg of weight gain compared to the group that did receive the amino acid under study. When the variable analyzed was feed conversion (calculated with live weight) (1,468 vs 1,478), it was determined that chickens without glutamine require an additional 15 g of feed to produce 1 kg of live weight (difference of means = -0,015; p = 0.00001). No consistent effect was found between the studies carried out, with high values in the inconsistency test, 100% and 81.6% for the two forms of feed conversion. The meta-regressions indicate that factors related to the design of the experiment or certain nutrient levels have an impact on the variable under study. It is concluded that glutamine supplementation favors the productive performance in broiler chickens. However, the design of the study and the formulation of the diet should be considered.

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el tamaño del efecto de la suplementación de glutamina sobre el rendimiento productivo de pollos de engorde, la consistencia de su efecto y la influencia de otros factores mediante el uso de meta-análisis. Se encontró que la suplementación de glutamina favorece el aprovechamiento de nutrientes reflejado en menores valores de conversión alimenticia (calculada con ganancia de peso) 1,484 versus 1,518, y un tamaño medio de efecto de -0,031 (diferencia de medias) (p=0,00005). Los pollos control requieren consumir 31 g adicionales de alimento para producir 1 kg de peso ganado en comparación con el grupo que sí recibió el aminoácido en estudio. Cuando la variable analizada fue conversión alimenticia (calculada con peso vivo) (1,468 vs. 1,478), se determinó que los pollos sin glutamina requieren de 15 g adicionales de alimento para producir 1 kg de peso vivo (diferencia de medias= -0,015; p=0,00001). No se encontró un efecto consistente entre los estudios realizados, pre- sentándose valores elevados en el test de inconsistencia, 100% y 81,6% para las dos formas de conversión de alimento. Las meta-regresiones señalan que factores relacionados al diseño del experimento o ciertos niveles de nutrientes tienen impacto sobre la variable en estudio. Se concluye que la suplementación de glutamina favorece el rendimiento productivo en pollos de engorde. Sin embargo, se debe considerar el diseño del estudio y la formulación de la dieta.

ABSTRACT Mobile applications have been used to promote the use of condoms, but those have no theoretical basis and do not consider the opinion of users in their development, which is why they have been evaluated negatively. The objective was to develop and evaluate a mobile application to promote the correct and consistent use of the condom in youth at risk of HIV, based on a user-centered design thinking approach. Using qualitative methodology, three phases were carried out. In the first phase, inspiration, the needs of 9 young people were identified with respect to the use of the prototype. In the second phase, ideation, these needs were transformed into solutions and validated in 15 youths. In the third phase, implementation, a usability test was conducted on other 15 youths. In conclusion, this approach offered a practical solution for the development of a mobile prototype to encourage the use of condoms in young people.

RESUMEN Se han utilizado aplicaciones móviles para promover el uso del condón que carecen de fundamento teórico y no consideran la opinión de los usuarios en su desarrollo por lo que han sido evaluadas negativamente. El objetivo fue desarrollar y evaluar una aplicación móvil para promover el uso correcto y consistente del condón en jóvenes mexicanos con riesgo de VIH, basado en enfoque de pensamiento de diseño centrado en el usuario. Utilizando metodología cualitativa se realizaron tres fases. En la primera fase, inspiración, se identificaron las necesidades de 9 jóvenes con respecto al uso del prototipo. En la segunda fase, ideación, se transformaron estas necesidades en soluciones y se validaron en 15 jóvenes. En la tercera fase, implementación, se realizó una prueba de usabilidad en otros 15 jóvenes. En conclusión, este enfoque ofreció una solución práctica para el desarrollo de un prototipo móvil para fomentar el uso de condón en jóvenes.

Abstract This paper describes the daily coping strategies among Mexican adolescents diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MS). Data were collected through a semi-structured interview, using a phenomenology perspective. Nine adolescents diagnosed with MS aged 12-17 years were recruited from a public hospital in northeastern Mexico. Three thematic categories were obtained in the interview analysis: experiencing an MS diagnosis, adapting to health care and treatment, and decision-making to cope with the disease. Adolescents receiving an MS diagnosis were able to overcome their initial -often negative- experiences, they were motivated to adhere to management and treatment plans with support from health professionals, and they were able to develop adaptive coping strategies. Results indicate that, with support, adolescents could adapt to new prevention, management, and treatment strategies.

Resumen El presente artículo describe las estrategias diarias de afrontamiento entre adolescentes mexicanos diagnosticados con síndrome metabólico (SM). Los datos fueron recolectados mediante entrevistas semi-estructuradas, utilizando una perspectiva fenomenológica con nueve adolescentes con SM de entre 12 y 17 años, reclutados en un hospital público del noreste de México. El análisis de las entrevistas reveló tres categorías temáticas: cómo los adolescentes experimentan el diagnóstico de SM, cómo se adaptan a la atención de salud y tratamiento, y la toma de decisiones para hacer frente al padecimiento. Los adolescentes que recibieron un diagnóstico de SM fueron capaces de superar sus experiencias iniciales -a menudo negativas-, fueron motivados a adherirse a planes de manejo y tratamiento con el apoyo de profesionales de la salud, y fueron capaces de desarrollar estrategias adaptativas de afrontamiento. Los resultados indican que, con apoyo, los adolescentes podrían adaptarse a nuevas estrategias de prevención, manejo y tratamiento.

Abstract The increase in the use of contraceptive methods for the prevention of unplanned pregnancies is a priority at the global level, it is very important for nurses to prevent reproductive problems through theories applied to nursing practice. Objective: To develop a theory of the specific situation of nursing contraceptive behavior in women based on a theory of midrange. Method: Walker and Avant theory derivation technique. Results: The model of contraceptive behavior in women includes personal, interpersonal, and social factors, which can be measured and applicable to nursing practice and are derived from the nursing body of knowledge. Conclusions: Specific situation theory offers a theoretical basis for the research, practice and development of the profession, as well as the development of effective interventions in health.

Resumen El incremento en el uso de los métodos anticonceptivos para la prevención de embarazos no planeados es una prioridad a nivel mundial, para los profesionales de enferme-ría es muy importante prevenir problemas reproductivos a través de teorizaciones aplicadas a la práctica de enfermería. Objetivo: Desarrollar una teoría de situación específica de enfermería de la conducta anticonceptiva en mujeres a partir de una teoría de rango medio. Método: Técnica de derivación de teoría de Walker y Avant. Resultados: El modelo de conducta anticonceptiva en mujeres incluye factores personales, interpersonales, sociales, que pueden ser medibles y aplicables a la práctica de enfermería y se derivan del cuerpo de conocimientos propios de enfermería. Conclusiones: La teoría de situación específica ofrece un sustento teórico para la investigación, la práctica y el desarrollo de la profesión, así mismo permite el desarrollo de intervenciones efectivas en salud.

ABSTRACT HIV transmissions continue to increase. Migrant populations crossing the border into the United States are considered at risk. Sexual health awareness is an important variable for preventing STIs / HIV / AIDS; however, there is currently no instrument in Spanish to measure it. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the translation and cultural adaptation of the Health Consciousness Scale (HCS) applied to 160 migrants from the northern border of Mexico in transit to USA. Sampling was systematically randomized, using the Human Services Research Institute methodology for adaptation. All participants were of Mexican origin, 90% were men, with an average age of 39.75 and an average of 7.69 years of schooling. The scale had an internal consistency of 0.86 and good factorial adjustment (X2/ gl = 2.397, p < 0.001) - (IFC = 0.92 - GFI = 0.92). The final instrument was considered reliable and with an acceptable construct validity; therefore, it is recommended to continue using it.

RESUMEN Los contagios por VIH siguen en aumento. Las poblaciones migrantes que cruzan la frontera hacia Estados Unidos se consideran en riesgo. La conciencia sobre salud sexual es una variable importante para prevenir Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (ITS)-Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH)/Sida, pero actualmente no existe un instrumento en español para medirla. El propósito fue evaluar las características psicométricas de la traducción y adaptación cultural de la Scale of Health Consciousness en 160 migrantes de la frontera norte de México en tránsito a EE. UU. El muestreo fue aleatorio sistemático, se utilizó la metodología del Human Services Research Institute para su adaptación. Los participantes fueron de origen mexicano, 90% hombres, edad promedio de 39.75 y una media de 7.69 años de estudio, la escala presentó consistencia interna de 0.86 y buen ajuste factorial (X2/gl = 2.397, p < 0.001) - (CFI = 0.92 - GFI = 0.92). El instrumento final se considera fiable y con validez de constructo aceptable por lo que se recomienda continuar utilizándolo.

ABSTRACT Brazil is characterized by a concentrated AIDS epidemic, it has a prevalence of less than 1% in the general population. However, there are higher rates in specific populations, especially in men who have sex with men. The study's aim was to analyze the association between sociodemographic characteristics, sexual practices, sexual behaviors and the HIV infection in a group of men who have sex with men. Secondary data was collected between June 2014 and September 2015 in a research of cross-sectional design in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Volunteers answered an online computerized questionnaire and took HIV test. Chi-squared distribution and multiple logistic regression was used. There were 341 participants. Most of them were racially mixed, single, average age of 30.6 years and with a higher education level. The HIV prevalence was 13.9%. Two logistic models were fit (insertive or receptive anal intercourse). Both models showed an association with HIV among those who had a HIV positive sexual partner (Odds Ratio ≈ 2.5) and a high self-perception of acquiring HIV (Model 1: Odds Ratio ≈ 7/Model 2: Odds Ratio ≈ 10). Low condom usage in receptive anal intercourse with casual partners had a direct association with HIV seropositivity, whereas insertive anal intercourse with casual partners with or without condoms were inversely related. The study identified a high prevalence of HIV infections among a group of men who sex with men with a high self-perception risk of acquiring HIV. The findings also showed a relation with sociodemographic and sexual behavior variables.

RESUMEN La asertividad sexual constituye una dimensión fundamental de la sexualidad humana por su relación con distintos indicadores de la salud sexual. Es la capacidad de las personas para iniciar la actividad sexual, rechazar la actividad sexual no deseada y emplear métodos anticonceptivos y así desarrollar comportamientos saludables. Esta se mide a través de la Sexual Assertiveness Scale (SAS). Hasta la fecha, la SAS no se ha validado en población mexicana, por lo que se considera importante examinar sus propiedades psicométricas en esta población. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo validar la SAS en una muestra de 202 mujeres mexicanas. Mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio, se confirmó la estructura trifactorial del SAS: inicio, rechazo y embarazo-enfermedades de transmisión sexual (CFI = .953; TLI = .927). Asimismo, se obtuvo una confiabilidad adecuada en las tres subescalas y, de forma global (<±> = .85), sus puntuaciones correlacionaron significativamente en la dirección esperada con autoestima sexual y depresión rasgo. Se concluye que la SAS presenta buenas propiedades psicométricas en población femenina mexicana.

ABSTRACT Given its relationship to various indicators of sexual health, sexual assertiveness is a fundamental dimension of human sexuality. This is defined as the ability that people have to initiate sexual activity, refuse unwanted sexual activity, and use contraceptive methods, thereby developing healthy behaviours - which can be measured using the Sexual Assertiveness Scale (SAS). To date, the SAS has not been validated in the Mexican population, albeit it is considered important to examine the psychometric properties of the latter. Therefore, to the aim of this study was to validate the SAS in a sample of 202 Mexican women. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the three-factor structure of the SAS: initiation, rejection, and pregnancy-sexually transmitted diseases (CFI = .953; TLI = .927). Similarly, adequate reliability was obtained in the three subscales and overall (<±> = .85). Their scores significantly correlated in the expected direction with sexual self-esteem and the trait depression. It is concluded that the SAS has psychometric properties which are acceptable in Mexican women.